Effect of physical training in obese patients with low back pain: a systematic review / Efeito do treinamento físico em obesos com lombalgia: revisão sistemática / Efecto del entrenamiento físico en pacientes obesos con dolor de la región lumbar: revisión sistemática

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the hypoalgesic effect of exercises in obese patients with low back pain. Methods: From the methodological point of view, this is a systematic review study supported by the PRISMA guidelines (2020). Only clinical trials with defined eligibility criteria were included and the methodological evaluation was carried out using the Risk of Bias 2.0 (RoB 2.0) tool. Results: Four clinical trials were found, which underwent an assessment of risk of bias and were mostly categorized as moderate risk of bias or with some concerns. Conclusions: Moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and total resistance or lumbar spine extension exercises were shown to be effective for pain control, quality of life, and functional performance in obese individuals. On the other hand, the exercises alone did not produce a decrease in body composition. Level of evidence I; Systematic review.

RESUMO Objetivo: Conhecer o efeito hipoalgésico dos exercícios em pessoas obesas com lombalgia. Métodos: Do ponto de vista metodológico, é um estudo de revisão sistemática amparado pelas diretrizes do PRISMA (2020). Foram incluídos apenas estudos clínicos com critérios de elegibilidade definidos e a avaliação metodológica foi realizada com a ferramenta Risk of Bias 2.0 (RoB 2.0). Resultados: Foram encontrados quatro estudos clínicos que passaram por avaliação de risco de viés, sendo a maior parte dos estudos categorizada como risco moderado de viés ou some concerns. Conclusões: Os exercícios do tipo moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT) e resistência total ou extensão de coluna lombar mostram eficácia no controle da dor, na qualidade de vida e no desempenho funcional de indivíduos obesos. Por outro lado, os exercícios de forma isolada não apresentaram diminuição da composição corporal. Nível de evidência I; Revisão sistemática.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Conocer el efecto hipoalgésico de los ejercicios en pacientes obesos con dolor en la región lumbar. Métodos: Desde el punto de vista metodológico, se trata de un estudio de revisión sistemática respaldado por las directrices PRISMA (2020). Sólo se incluyeron ensayos clínicos con criterios de elegibilidad definidos y la evaluación metodológica se realizó con la herramienta Risk Of Bias 2.0 (RoB 2.0). Resultados: Se encontró que cuatro ensayos clínicos fueron sometidos a la evaluación de riesgo de sesgo, y la mayoría de los estudios fueron categorizados como de riesgo de sesgo moderado o some concerns. Conclusiones: Los ejercicios tipo moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT) y de resistencia total o de extensión de la columna lumbar muestran eficacia en el control del dolor, la calidad de vida y el desempeño funcional de individuos obesos. Por otro lado, los ejercicios aislados no mostraron una disminución en la composición corporal. Nivel de evidencia I; Revisión sistemática.

Reproducibility of an endurance test for master swimmers

Abstract Aim: This study aimed to verify the reproducibility of an endurance test for master swimmers. Methods: Seventeen male swimmers, aged from 30 to 50 years (35.06 ± 5.36), weight (78.71 ± 13.06 kg), height (174.35 ± 0.07 cm), participated in this study. The participants underwent the Progressive Swim Test (PSwT), which corresponds to swimming progressively to exhaustion in a 25-meter pool, guided by the recording of sound signals indicating the swimming rhythm. We verified the following variables: heart rate before the test (BHR) and right after the end of the test (AHR), followed by the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and a total of laps performed (SN - swimming number). For comparison between the three days of tests, the one-way repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey's Post-Hoc was performed. Relative reproducibility was performed by the r test and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Absolute reproducibility was determined using the coefficient of variation (CV) and the confidence interval (CI). Results: The results showed high reproducibility in (PSwT) in master swimmers in the analyzed variables of intergroup and intragroup with relative reproducibility of r > 0.60 and ICC > 0.70 and absolute reproducibility with CI 95% (lower −1.10 and upper 0.99) and CV < 10%. Most of the cases were within the limits of agreement of the Bland-Altman tests, all variables were considered a level of significance with (p <0.05). Conclusion: The Progressive Swim Test (PSwT) is a reproducible instrument in the assessment of endurance in master swimmers.

Applicability of an indirect VO2max test: its association with the 400 meters freestyle performance

Abstract - The aim of this study was to evaluate the VO2max using a previously validated indirect test for non-expert adult swimmers and to verify its connection with the 400 meters freestyle test. A total of 17 non-expert male swimmers (21.5 ± 3.12 years) were evaluated. Body composition measurements included body weight (74 ± 9.41 kg), height (172.9 ± 5.21 cm) and body fat percentage (15.2 ± 4.15 %). Two tests were conducted on different days; the 400 meters freestyle (400 MF) and the Progressive Swim Test (PSwT), respectively. The participant's heart rate frequency before and after the test (BHR and AHR) was analyzed, as well as the subjective perception of effort (RPE), the number of laps covered (NLP), and the time of test execution measured in minutes. Significant differences were identified in all variables (p < 0.05) with the exception of BHR. An inverse correlation (r > - 0.60) was found between AHR and execution time (r > - 0.70), as well as between the VO2max estimated by the PSwT and the 400 MF performance test (r > - 0.70). The Bland-Altman Plot showed that the values discovered were within the established concordance limits of 95% (±1.96 SD). A negative correlation between a swimming test and a test that estimates the VO2max occurred, and the PSwT showed results of greater approximation of the aerobic power of non-expert swimmers. In conclusion, the PSwT is applicable for non-expert adult swimmers.